Urbanization and Its Impact on the Water Cycle
How does urbanization affect the water cycle?
What processes are impacted in the water cycle due to urbanization and why?
Impact of Urbanization on the Water Cycle
Urbanization, characterized by the development of cities and infrastructure, has significant effects on the water cycle. When humans build cities that replace grassy areas with concrete structures and sealed surfaces, several processes in the water cycle are altered. One key aspect is the increased production of stormwater and changes in natural water flows.
Explanation:
Structures and sealed surfaces in urban areas have a notable influence on the natural water cycle. As a result, stormwater is produced and the natural flow of water is disrupted. Stormwater refers to rain that accumulates on impermeable surfaces such as roadways, walkways, and rooftops. In urban environments, stormwater quickly enters rivers through drainage systems, leading to an influx of water during rainfall.
The presence of urban infrastructure like roads and buildings prevents rainwater from seeping into the ground as it would in natural, grassy areas. Instead, stormwater runoff is directed into rivers, potentially causing flooding in the stormwater drainage system. This altered flow pattern results in several impacts on rivers and aquatic ecosystems.
These impacts include:
1. Harm to Fish and Water Species' Habitats: Increased stormwater runoff carries pollutants and sediment into rivers, negatively impacting the habitats of fish and other aquatic species.
2. Disruption of Aquatic Creatures' Breeding Cycles: Changes in water flow and quality can disrupt the breeding cycles of aquatic creatures, affecting population dynamics.
3. Bank Erosion in Streams: Excessive stormwater runoff can erode stream banks, leading to instability and habitat degradation.
4. Increase in Turbidity and Pollution Levels: Stormwater runoff often contains pollutants from urban areas, contributing to higher turbidity and pollution levels in rivers.
5. Alteration of Seasonal Flood Patterns: Urbanization can alter the natural flood patterns of rivers, impacting surrounding ecosystems and human settlements.