Signaling Pathways Triggered by Toll-like Receptors

Which pair of transcription factors are typically activated by Toll-like receptors?

a. NFAT and T-bet

b. AP-1 and GATA-3

c. Fos and STAT-6

d. NFκB and AP-1

e. Lck and Jun

Answer:

The signaling pathways triggered by Toll-like receptors typically result in activation of the pair of transcription factors d. NFκB and AP-1.

The signaling pathways triggered by Toll-like receptors typically result in activation of the pair of transcription factors NFκB and AP-1. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern recognition receptor that play a crucial role in the innate immune response to pathogens. When TLRs recognize specific microbial molecules, they initiate signaling pathways that lead to the activation of transcription factors, such as NFκB and AP-1, which control the expression of genes involved in the immune response.

NFκB (Nuclear Factor-kappa B) and AP-1 (Activator Protein-1) are key transcription factors that regulate the expression of various genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and cell proliferation. Their activation by Toll-like receptors is essential for mounting an effective immune response against pathogens.

Understanding the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the immune response can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of host defense and potential targets for therapeutic interventions. By studying these processes, researchers can develop new strategies to modulate the immune response and combat infectious diseases.